Voting begins in 2012 US presidential election

U.S. voters will have the final say Tuesday in a very close presidential-election contest between President Barack Obama and Republican candidate Mitt Romney.

National polls show the race basically deadlocked, and that spurred the candidates into a frenzy of last-minute visits to key states where the election remains in doubt and will likely be decided.

Both President Obama and Romney campaigned in states they need to win in an election that opinion polls say is very close.

Romney went to Florida, where polls suggest he has the edge, and then to Virginia, New Hampshire and Ohio.

Obama appeared in Iowa, Wisconsin and Ohio, joined at rallies by Bruce Springsteen and rapper Jay-Z.

The election will be decided in just a handful of states, with Ohio in particular seen as crucial to victory.

President Obama closed his re-election campaign in Des Moines, Iowa – the city where his bid for the presidency began in early 2007.

At a late-night rally, he told the crowd that Iowa had started “a movement that spread across the country”.

Romney, meanwhile, was due to end his campaign with a late-night rally in New Hampshire but made the surprise announcement that he would extend campaigning into election day itself – visiting Ohio and Pennsylvania on Tuesday.

Obama and Romney are running almost neck-and-neck in national polls, in a campaign that has cost more than $2bn.


U.S. presidential elections are not decided by the nationwide popular vote, but by an Electoral College system. The importance of each state on the outcome of the election is approximately equivalent to its population.

 

​​Both candidates campaigned in the critical state of Ohio on the eve of the election.

Romney would become the first Mormon president of the US if he wins on Tuesday.

In Fairfax, Virginia just outside Washington DC, the former Massachusetts governor said the president had failed to make good on the promise of his 2008 campaign and it was time for a new direction.

“Look at the record,” he exhorted supporters.

“Talk is cheap, but a record is real and it’s earned with effort. When the president promised change, you can look and see what happened. Four years ago then-candidate Obama promised to do so very much but he’s done so very little.”

He summed up his pitch to voters: “Do you want four more years like the last four years? Or do you want real change?”

Both candidates are trying to piece together a majority in the state by state tally of Electoral College votes. Each state is assigned a certain number of electoral votes based on population, and the candidate who wins 270 or more electoral votes out of a total of 538 will be declared the winner.

 

Political experts said about 40 of the 50 states lean strongly toward one candidate or the other, leaving 10 or so battleground or swing states, where the outcome is in doubt and where both campaigns are expending most of their efforts.

States receiving the most attention late in the campaign include Ohio, Florida, Virginia, Colorado, Iowa, New Hampshire and Wisconsin.


The race has gotten closer since Romney